# Sandwich semigroups in diagram categories

• Published in 2019
In the collection
This paper concerns a number of diagram categories, namely the partition, planar partition, Brauer, partial Brauer, Motzkin and Temperley-Lieb categories. If $\mathcal K$ denotes any of these categories, and if $\sigma\in\mathcal K_{nm}$ is a fixed morphism, then an associative operation $\star_\sigma$ may be defined on $\mathcal K_{mn}$ by $\alpha\star_\sigma\beta=\alpha\sigma\beta$. The resulting semigroup $\mathcal K_{mn}^\sigma=(\mathcal K_{mn},\star_\sigma)$ is called a sandwich semigroup. We conduct a thorough investigation of these sandwich semigroups, with an emphasis on structural and combinatorial properties such as Green's relations and preorders, regularity, stability, mid-identities, ideal structure, (products of) idempotents, and minimal generation. It turns out that the Brauer category has many remarkable properties not shared by any of the other diagram categories we study. Because of these unique properties, we may completely classify isomorphism classes of sandwich semigroups in the Brauer category, calculate the rank (smallest size of a generating set) of an arbitrary sandwich semigroup, enumerate Green's classes and idempotents, and calculate ranks (and idempotent ranks, where appropriate) of the regular subsemigroup and its ideals, as well as the idempotent-generated subsemigroup. Several illustrative examples are considered throughout, partly to demonstrate the sometimes-subtle differences between the various diagram categories.

### BibTeX entry

@article{Sandwichsemigroupsindiagramcategories,
title = {Sandwich semigroups in diagram categories},
abstract = {This paper concerns a number of diagram categories, namely the partition,
planar partition, Brauer, partial Brauer, Motzkin and Temperley-Lieb
categories. If {\$}\mathcal K{\$} denotes any of these categories, and if
{\$}\sigma\in\mathcal K{\_}{\{}nm{\}}{\$} is a fixed morphism, then an associative operation
{\$}\star{\_}\sigma{\$} may be defined on {\$}\mathcal K{\_}{\{}mn{\}}{\$} by
{\$}\alpha\star{\_}\sigma\beta=\alpha\sigma\beta{\$}. The resulting semigroup {\$}\mathcal K{\_}{\{}mn{\}}^\sigma=(\mathcal K{\_}{\{}mn{\}},\star{\_}\sigma){\$} is called a sandwich semigroup.
We conduct a thorough investigation of these sandwich semigroups, with an
emphasis on structural and combinatorial properties such as Green's relations
and preorders, regularity, stability, mid-identities, ideal structure,
(products of) idempotents, and minimal generation. It turns out that the Brauer
category has many remarkable properties not shared by any of the other diagram
categories we study. Because of these unique properties, we may completely
classify isomorphism classes of sandwich semigroups in the Brauer category,
calculate the rank (smallest size of a generating set) of an arbitrary sandwich
semigroup, enumerate Green's classes and idempotents, and calculate ranks (and
idempotent ranks, where appropriate) of the regular subsemigroup and its
ideals, as well as the idempotent-generated subsemigroup. Several illustrative
examples are considered throughout, partly to demonstrate the sometimes-subtle
differences between the various diagram categories.},
url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1910.10286v1 http://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.10286v1},
year = 2019,
author = {Ivana Đurđev and Igor Dolinka and James East},
comment = {},
urldate = {2020-02-03},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
eprint = {1910.10286},
primaryClass = {math.GR},
collections = {food}
}